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|subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_name2 = Muscatine |government_type = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Diana Broderson |established_title = Incorporated |established_date = 1839 |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = Imperial |area_total_sq_mi = 18.35 |area_footnotes = 〔 |area_total_km2 = 47.53 |area_land_sq_mi = 17.30 |area_land_km2 = 44.81 |area_water_sq_mi = 1.05 |area_water_km2 = 2.72 |population_as_of = 2010 |population_est = 22988 |pop_est_as_of = 2012〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html )〕 |population_total = 22886 |population_rank = 22nd in Iowa |population_metro = 54741 |population_density_km2 = 510.8 |population_density_sq_mi = 1322.9 |population_footnotes = 〔 |timezone = CST |utc_offset = -6 |timezone_DST = CDT |utc_offset_DST = -5 |latd = 41 |latm = 25 |lats = 26 |latNS = N |longd = 91 |longm = 3 |longs = 22 |longEW = W |coordinates_display = inline, title |elevation_m = 177 |elevation_ft = 581 |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 52761 |area_code = Area code 563|563 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 19-55110 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 0465186 |footnotes = |website = }} Muscatine is a city in Muscatine County, Iowa, United States. The population was 22,886 in the 2010 census, an increase from 22,697 in the 2000 census.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Data from the 2010 Census )〕 It is the county seat of Muscatine County.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕 The name Muscatine is unique in that it is not used by any other city in the United States.〔("The Prosperous Industrial History of Muscatine" ) Greater Muscatine Chamber of Commerce & Industry, 2004. Retrieved 2008-05-09.〕 Muscatine is the principal city of the Muscatine Micropolitan Statistical Area (2010 census population 54,132) as of 2011 estimate was 54,184, which includes all of Muscatine and Louisa counties, making it the 208th-largest List of Micropolitan Statistical Areas.〔List of Micropolitan Statistical Areas〕 == History == The European-American city of Muscatine began as a trading post founded by representatives of Colonel George Davenport in 1833. Muscatine was incorporated as Bloomington in 1839; the name was changed to reduce mail delivery confusion, as there were several Bloomingtons in the Midwest. Before that, Muscatine had also been known as "Newburg". The name ''Muscatine'' is believed by some to have been derived from the Mascouten native American tribe.〔 The Algonquian-speaking Mascoutin were driven out of Michigan in around 1642 by French and Natives, and they were believed to have been absorbed into the Meskwaki (Fox) and Sac tribes by the early 18th century.〔(Irving Berdine Richman, ''John Brown Among the Quakers: And Other Sketches'' ), Historical Department of Iowa, 1894〕 In 1819 Muscatine Island was known as Mascoutin Island. An alternative theory is that the name is derived from a Siouan-language term meaning "Fire Island". Major William Williams, who was visiting when the town changed its name in 1849, wrote in his journal: "Muscatine in English is Fire Island," in his list of the meanings of Sioux Indian names.〔 Williams wrote a brief description of the settlement: From the 1840s to the Civil War, Muscatine had Iowa's largest black community, consisting of fugitive slaves from the South and free blacks who had migrated from the eastern states. One of the most prominent community leaders was Alexander Clark Sr., a Pennsylvania native, barber and eventually a wealthy timber salesman and real estate speculator. He was among the founders of the local AME Church, assisted fugitive slaves, and petitioned the state government to overturn racist laws before the war. In 1863, Clark helped organize Iowa's black regiment, the 60th United States Colored Infantry (originally known as the 1st Iowa Infantry, African Descent), though an injury prevented him from serving. In 1868, he successfully desegregated Iowa's public schools by suing the Muscatine board after his daughter Susan was turned away from her neighborhood school. Eleven years later, his son Alexander Jr. became the first black graduate of the University of Iowa College of Law and its first black graduate from any department. Clark Sr. went to the college and became its second black graduate five years later, despite being 58 years old, saying that he wanted to serve “as an example to young men of his own race.” Clark rose to prominence in the Republican Party, serving as a delegate to state and national conventions. In 1890, Clark was appointed ambassador to Liberia by President Benjamin Harrison. He was one of four Muscatine residents to be appointed as a diplomatic envoy between 1855 and 1900, a remarkable feat for a town of such small size: George Van Horne was consul at Marseilles, France during the 1860s; Samuel McNutt served at Maracaibo, Venezuela in 1890; and Frank W. Mahin represented his country in Reichenberg, Austria in 1900. Less than a year after arriving in Liberia, Clark died of fever. His body was returned to the US, where he was buried in Muscatine's Greenwood Cemetery. In 1975 the city moved his former house about 200 feet, to make room for a low-income apartment complex for senior citizens; the latter was named in his honor. The University of Iowa's chapter of the Black Law Students Association (BLSA) is named for the Clarks, as a testament to the accomplishments of father and son, and their places in the history of civil rights in Iowa. The writer Sam Clemens (better known by his pen-name Mark Twain) lived in the city briefly during the summer of 1855 while working at the local newspaper, the ''Muscatine Journal,'' which was partly owned by his brother, Orion Clemens. He noted some recollections of Muscatine in his book ''Life on the Mississippi'': In 1884 J.F. Boepple, a German immigrant, founded a pearl button company. He produced buttons that looked like pearls by machine-punching them out of freshwater mussel shells harvested from the Mississippi River. Muscatine's slogan, "Pearl of the Mississippi," refers to the days when pearl button manufacturing by the McKee Button Company was a significant economic contributor. In 1915, Weber & Sons Button Co., Inc. was the world's largest producer of fancy freshwater pearl buttons. From that time forward, Muscatine was known as "The Pearl Button Capital of the World". Weber is still manufacturing today and celebrated its 100-year anniversary in 2004. Muscatine is nearly as well known as the "Watermelon Capital of the World". Muscatine was the home town and operating location of the notorious broadcaster and cancer quack Norman G. Baker, inventor of the calliaphone. In 1925-31, Baker operated the powerful radio station KTNT, published a newspaper, and operated the Baker Institute, a clinic. He also owned numerous businesses in the town. Muscatine was formerly a stop on the shared Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad and Milwaukee Road line, but the Rock Island station no longer exists. The two railroads split near the railroad crossing on county highway X61. A portion of the Milwaukee Road's line is still extant and is used to served one rail served business and for the storage of Rolling Stock. Muscatine was hit by an EF3 (Enhanced Fujita Scale 3) tornado on June 1, 2007, which destroyed or damaged areas of the city.〔("Terrible touchdown in Muscatine" ) ''Muscatine Journal'', 2007-06-01. Accessed 2007-06-01.〕 On February 15, 2012, Vice President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping visited Muscatine. He had previously visited in 1985 as part of a Chinese delegation to learn about American agriculture, so Muscatine was again on his agenda when he toured the USA in 2012 before becoming president. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Muscatine, Iowa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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